Antibody Structure and Function
The world is full of infectious microorganisms, all looking for a suitable host to infect. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans are constantly attempting to gain entry into our tissues. If nothing was done about these attempts at invasion, no human could survive. Fortunately, cells of the immune system patrol the internal tissues, the bloodstream, and the […]
Physcia
General structure Physcia is foliose lichen. Physcia is divided into four regions internally. These regions are: 1. Upper cortex: It is present at the upper regions. It is composed of closely packed hyphae. Spaces are absent between them. If spaces are present, they are filled by gelatinous material. The upper surface may be smooth or it […]
Cell cycle III
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Cell cycle II
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Cell Cycle
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Pinnularia
Occurrence Pinnularia is a fresh water alga. It is found in pond. It is also present on the moist soil It is unicellular. Its cell is elongated and elliptical. Cell wall is chiefly composed of pectic substances. Silica is impregnated in it. Therefore, their wall becomes very hard. Cell wall is composed of two halves called […]
Respiratory system
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Blood vascular system
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Immunity
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Selaginella
Occurrence Selaginella is a tropical plant. It has world wide distribution. It grows in damp forests. Some species occur in temperate regions. They grow in moist shady places. General structure The plant body is sporophyte. The body is divided into root, stem and leaves. Stem: The main stem is prostrate. Some erect branches arise form […]