Razzaq Archive

Incomplete Dominance

The seven characters in pea plants that Mendel chose to study extensively all exhibited dominance, but Mendel did realize that not all characters have traits that exhibit dominance. He conducted some crosses concerning the length of time that pea plants …

Mechanism of Sex Determination

There is a wide variety of sex determining mechanisms, but three patterns are more common. XO-XX Type This pattern of sex determination is found is grass hopper and Protenor bug. Male is XO, because it has only one X chromosome. …

Sex Chromosomes

Most animals and many plants show sexual dimorphism; in other words, individuals are either male or female. In most of these cases, sex is determined by a special pair of sex chromosomes. Discovery T. H. Morgan was an American geneticist. …

Autosomal inheritance in humans

Human matings, like those of experimental organisms, show many examples of the inheritance patterns described above. Because controlled experimental crosses cannot be made with humans, geneticists must resort to scrutinizing records in the hope that informative matings have been made …

RESPIRATION

AN OVERVIEW OF PLANT RESPIRATION Aerobic (oxygen-requiring) respiration is common to nearly all eukaryotic organisms, and in its broad outlines, the respiratory process in plants is similar to that found in animals and lower eukaryotes. However, some specific aspects of …

Cassulacean Acid Metabolism

A third mechanism for concentrating CO2 at the site of rubisco is found in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Despite its name, CAM is not restricted to the family Crassulaceae (Crassula, Kalanchoe, Sedum); it is found in numerous angiosperm families. Cacti …

C-4 Cycle

All plants do not follow the same Calvin cycle (C-3 pathway) in which first stable product of carbon fixation is PGA (3-C compound). In some plants the first stable product of carbon fixation is four carbon compound (malate). These plants …

Photorespiration and C-2 Cycle

Ihotorespiration (PR) is process that involves the reoxidation of products just previously assimilated in photosynthesis. The photorespiratory pathway involves the activities of at least three different cellular organelles (the chloroplast, the peroxisome, and the mitochondrion) and, because CO2 is evolved, …

Calvin Cycle

 It is light independent reaction because light is not directly required for processes but only the products of light reaction (ATP & NADPH2). During these processes carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates.  It takes place in stroma of chloroplast …