General characters
The mosses and moss alies belong to a single division the Bryophyta. This division includes the most primitive of the green land plants. Bryophytes are structurally simple in both …
Statistics
Agaricus
This is a large genus of fungi often synonymized with the term ‘mushrooms’, distributed mainly in temperate regions. Agaricus spp. are saprotrophs, growing in pastures and woodland litter. The …
Constructing a Library of Genes
Gene libraries are used to find new genes, to sequence entire genomes, and to compare genes from different organisms. Gene libraries are made when the entire DNA from one …
Yeast Bread-making
The principle behind the leavening of bread dough by baker’s yeast is the same as in brewing, i.e. the anaerobic metabolism of glucose and other reducing sugars via pyruvic …
Ascomycota Fruit Bodies
Types of fruit body: There are number of fruit bodies in Ascomycota. In yeasts and related fungi the asci are not enclosed by hyphae, but in most ascomycetes they are …
Knockout Mice for Medical Research
Transgenic animals, mostly mice, are of great value in the genetic analysis of inherited diseases and cancer. Here we are interested not so much in adding a cloned transgene …
Transgenic Animals
NEW AND IMPROVED ANIMALS For thousands of years people have improved crop plants and domestic animals by selective breeding, mostly at a trial-and-error level. Woollier sheep and smarter sheep …
BT Toxin and Butterflies
Another issue with transgenic plants is the effect they may have on nontarget organisms , that is, any plants or animals inadvertently exposed to the transgenic crop or insecticide. …
Trehalose In Transgenic Plants Increase Stress Tolerance
Plants are highly adaptable and have many mechanisms to survive environmental stresses. Drought and high salinity of irrigation water are two stresses that pose problems in growing crop plants. …