Cloning vectors are specialized plasmids (or other genetic elements) that will hold any piece of foreign DNA for further study or manipulation. The numbers and types of plasmids available …
Ultraviolet light absorption is a general method for detecting DNA, but does not distinguish between different DNA molecules. DNA can also be detected with radioactive isotopes During replication, radioactive …
The ability to isolate, separate, and visualize DNA fragments would be useless unless some method was available to cut the DNA into fragments of different sizes. In fact, naturally …
Gel electrophoresis followed by staining with ethidium bromide is used to separate DNA fragments by size . The gel of gel electrophoresis consists of agarose , a polysaccharide extracted …
Basic to all biotechnology research is the ability to manipulate DNA. First and foremost for recombinant DNA work, researchers need a method to isolate DNA from different organisms. Isolating …
Observed and Expected Ratios: When two individuals of known genotype are crossed, we expect certain ratios of genotypes and phenotypes in the progeny; these expected ratios are based on …
In most members of the Mucorales, numerous spores are contained in globose sporangia borne at the tips of aerial sporangiophores. Within the sporangium the spores may surround a central …
Taxonomy is the science of classification, i.e. the ‘assigning of objects to defined categories’. Classification has three main functions: it provides a framework of recognizable features by which an …
In many ascomycetes, studies of the fine structure of asci during cleavage of the ascospores have shown that a system of double membranes continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum extends …
In yeasts and related fungi, the ascus arises directly from a single cell, but in most other ascomycetes it develops from a specialized hypha, the ascogenous hypha, which in …