Trangenic Insects
Several insects can now be genetically modified. The fruit fly Drosophila has been investigated at the molecular level for a long time and, not surprisingly, methods exist for introducing novel genetic material into these flies. P elements are transposons found in Drosophila and other insects, where they cause hybrid dysgenesis . In flies carrying […]
Transgenic Mosquitoes
The three diseases that kill most people are acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, and malaria. Each year, malaria infects some 300 to 500 million people and kills around 2 million, mostly African children. The Plasmodium parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes—as are several other major diseases including yellow fever, dengue fever, and filarial nematodes. At the […]
Recombinant Protien Production Using Transgenic Livestock
The somatotropin gene from cows has been cloned and expressed in bacteria thus allowing the production of large amounts of the hormone, which is known as rBST (recombinant bovine somatotropin) . The rBST is used in the dairy industry to increase milk production. Unlike in mice, boosting an adult cow’s somatotropin levels by injection of […]
Digestive System
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Ephedra
Occurrence Ephedra is an arid plant. It is found in Europe, Western and Central Asia and Central and South America. It is also found in arid areas of Pakistan. Ephedra is source of drug Ephedrine. It is used for the treatment of asthma, cough and hay-fever. General structure The plant body of Ephedra is sporophyte. […]
Pinus
Occurrence The genus Pinus has about 90 species. It has world wide in distribution. They are mostly present in the temperate regions. Four species of pinus are found in Pakistan: Pinus wallichiana; Pinus halepensis; Pinus roxburghil; Pinus gerardiana. General structure The plant body is sporophyte. It is an evergreen tall tree. Plant body is divided […]
Cycas
Systematic Position Division: Gymnospermae Class : Cycadophyta Order : Cycadales Family : Cycadaceae Genus : Cycas Occurrence Cycas has a limited distribution. It is found in south East Asia, South China, Southren India, South Japan and Australia. The plants grow under xerophytic conditions. Cycas is also cultivated as an ornamental plant in […]
Psilotum
Systematic Position Division: Pteridophyta Class : Psilopsida Order : Psilotales Family : Psilotaceae Genus : Psilotum Occurrence Psilotum is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It may grow as an epiphyte on the bark of trees. It also grows on soil where humus is abundantly available. Plant Boday The plant body is sporophyte. […]
Anthoceros
Systematic Position Division: Bryophyta Class : Anthoceropsida Order : Anthocerotales Family : Anthocerotaceae Genus : Anthoceros Occurrence Anthoceros grows on moist soil. They are present in shady places or in the crevices of rocks. Anthoceros erecrus, A. himalayensis, and A. chambensis are commonly found in Western Himalayas. General structure […]
Polytrichum
Systematic Position Division: Bryophyta Class : Bryopsida Order : Polytrichales Family : Polytrichaceae Genus : Polytrichum Occurrence: Polytrichum have worldwide distribution. They are very common in cool temperature and tropical regions. Plants live in cool and shady places. They may be found growing on open soil or tree trunks as […]